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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク History of timekeeping devices in Egypt ： ウィキペディア英語版 History of timekeeping devices in Egypt (詳細はAncient Egyptians were one of the first cultures to widely divide days into generally agreed-upon equal parts, using early timekeeping devices such as sundials, shadow clocks, and merkhets (plumb-lines used by early astronomers). Obelisks are used by reading the shadow that it makes. The citizens could divide the day into two parts, and then into smaller hours. ==Sundials and shadow clocks== Despite Herodotus's attribution of the invention of the sundial to the Babylonians in 430 BCE, the earliest known sundials were simple gnomons of Egyptian origin invented around 3500 BCE. More complex devices were developed over time, the earliest surviving one is a limestone sundial that dates back to 1500 BCE, discovered in the Valley of the Kings in 2013.〔(One of world's oldest sundials dug up in Kings' Valley, Upper Egypt )〕 It divided daytime into 12 parts and was used to measure work hours.〔(One of world's oldest sun dial dug up in Kings' Valley, Upper Egypt )〕 Shadow clocks were modified sundials that allowed for greater precision in determining the time of day, and were first used around 1500 BCE.〔 Their major innovation was a modified, more precise gnomon that allowed for the division of night time into 50 parts, with an additional two "twilight hours" in the morning and evening. The shadow clock gnomon was made up of a long stem divided into six parts, as well as an elevated crossbar that cast a shadow over the marks. This early clock was positioned eastward in the morning, while at noon it was rotated to face west to measure shadows cast by the setting sun.〔 The concept of measured shadows were adapted into larger, more public designs in the form of obelisks. Markers around the obelisk would indicate units of time, including morning and afternoon as well as the summer and winter solstices for ceremonial purposes.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「History of timekeeping devices in Egypt」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.